What is PDA?

Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is not a DSM diagnosis but rather a constellation or profile of traits often associated with autism. Individuals with PDA experience an overwhelming need to avoid everyday demands and expectations, not out of defiance, but due to a heightened anxiety response. This can significantly impact day-to-day functioning, relationships, and overall well-being.

PDA is characterized by:

• Avoidance of demands: Even simple tasks like getting dressed or starting a project can feel overwhelming.

• A need for control: The individual may respond with negotiation, distraction, or refusal to maintain a sense of safety.

• Heightened social strategies: These individuals often use charm, humor, or avoidance tactics to deflect demands.

• Difficulty managing emotions: Sudden emotional outbursts or shutdowns can occur when demands feel impossible.

It’s important to note that PDA is not intentional defiance or opposition—it’s a response rooted in anxiety and a need for autonomy.

Who is Affected?

PDA is most commonly associated with individuals on the autism spectrum but may also present in others with neurodivergent traits. It can occur across all age groups, though it may be more noticeable in childhood when expectations increase at home and school.

Assessment and Support

Elizabeth Thompson, LPCA, NCC is a PDA-affirming provider through PDA North America. Elizabeth can assess PDA traits using validated screening tools and provide a comprehensive report outlining key observations and recommendations. While this cannot guarantee that this report will be accepted by educational institutions or other entities, it can:

• Help inform accommodations in school, work, or home settings.

• Guide treatment planning tailored to the individual’s unique needs.

Understanding PDA traits can empower individuals and families to create environments that reduce anxiety and improve overall functioning.

If you or a loved one experience extreme anxiety related to everyday demands, consider a PDA screening. This is an opportunity to gain clarity and develop strategies for thriving in a demand-heavy world.